Basic Country Information
| Country Name | Arab Republic of Egypt |
|---|---|
| Capital City | Cairo (Al-Qahira) |
| BRICS Status | Extended Member – Joined January 2024 |
| Total Population | 107.3 million (2024, CAPMAS); 116.5 million (2024 UN estimate) |
| Population Growth Rate | 1.3% per annum (2024, World Bank) |
| Rural Population (%) | 57.2% of total population (2024, CAPMAS – 61.4 million people in rural areas) |
| Urban Population (%) | 42.8% of total population (2024, CAPMAS – 45.9 million people in urban areas) |
| GDP (Nominal) | USD 383–389 Billion (2024 estimate, IMF/World Bank) |
| GDP per Capita | USD 3,698 (2024 estimate, IMF) |
| Agriculture’s Share of GDP | 11.1% (2023, World Bank); revised estimate of 13.71% (2024, World Bank) |
| Agriculture’s Share of Employment | 18.7% of total workforce – approximately 5.594 million workers (2024, CAPMAS Labour Force Survey) |
| HDI Rank | 105th globally; HDI Score: 0.731 (2024 UNDP Human Development Report) |
| Official Language(s) | Arabic (official); English and French widely used in business and education |
| Currency | Egyptian Pound (EGP); floating exchange rate (~EGP 50.5 per USD as of early 2025) |
Geographic Coordinates & Physical Extent
| Total Geographic Area | 1,001,450 km² – Ranked 30th largest country in the world |
|---|---|
| Northernmost Latitude | 31°36′ N (Mediterranean coast near Rafah) |
| Southernmost Latitude | 22°00′ N (Sudan border at Wadi Halfa salient) |
| Easternmost Longitude | 36°54′ E (Ras Hadarba, Red Sea coast) |
| Westernmost Longitude | 24°42′ E (Libya border) |
| Geographic Centre (Approx.) | 26°49′ N, 30°48′ E (Western Desert, south of Faiyum) |
| Total Coastline Length | 2,450 km (Mediterranean Sea: ~995 km; Red Sea: ~1,455 km) |
| Land Border Length | 2,612 km (Libya: 1,115 km; Sudan: 1,276 km; Israel/Palestine: 221 km) |
| Number of Bordering Countries | 3 – Libya (west), Sudan (south), and Israel/Palestine (east/northeast) |
| Highest Elevation Point | Mount Catherine (Jabal Katrina), 2,629 m – Sinai Peninsula |
| Lowest Elevation Point | Qattara Depression, 133 m below sea level (Western Desert) |
| Major River Systems | Nile River – approximately 1,550 km within Egypt; part of the world's longest river system (~6,650 km total). Egypt has no other permanent rivers. |
| Major Lakes | Lake Nasser (5,250 km², largest artificial lake in Africa), Lake Manzala (~700 km²), Lake Burullus (~420 km²), Lake Mariut, and Lake Qarun (~230 km²). |
Administrative Divisions Relevant to Agriculture
| Administrative Overview | Egypt is divided into 27 governorates. Agriculture is primarily concentrated in the Nile Valley and Nile Delta regions. The Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) serves as the principal authority for agricultural policy, supported by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) for statistical data and analysis. |
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| Primary Division (Governorates) | 27 Governorates comprising:
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| Secondary Division (Markaz/Districts) | Approximately 353 Markaz (rural districts) and around 235 urban districts. |
| Tertiary Division (Villages) | Approximately 4,741 main villages (CAPMAS) along with around 30,888 satellite villages (ezab/kafr). |
| Lowest Agricultural Planning Unit | Village level (Qarya), registered with the MALR district agricultural directorate. |
| Special Agricultural Zones |
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| Agricultural Development Regions |
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